The artificial navigation canal of Assinie, designed in 1957 for the transport of wood, now provides numerous services to local populations. Unfortunately, at present, this heritage is subject to intense anthropogenic pressures. The present work is intended to be a basic study in order to put in place a sustainable management policy for the canal and its shoreline. We analyzed the flora and the riparian vegetation by calculating the indices of floristic diversity of the plant groups and the determination of the species characteristic of these groups. Canonical correspondence analysis (ACC) made it possible to discriminate 5 biotopes around the channel. 423 plant species divided into 292 genera and 91 families have been identified. Correspondence factor analysis (AFC) combined with ascending hierarchical classification (CAH) and the analysis of indicator species by the IndVal method made it possible to identify 15 plant groups, presenting a floristic richness that varies between 4 and 114 species. The Shannon diversity index within these groups is between 0.94 and 4.15. The Piélou equity index varies between 0.52 and 0.89. The strong presence of herbs and lianas in these groups reflects a real weakening of the banks bordering the Assinie Canal. It is therefore becoming urgent to insist on the establishment of strategies for the protection and sustainable management of the canal.