The present study made an ecological diagnosis of the sustainability of cocoa production systems in Côte d'Ivoire. An analysis of the bibliography showed that this crop, introduced in 1988, was compatible with various pedo-climatic and vegetation factors in Côte d'Ivoire. This compatibility is reflected in the evolution of the cocoa sector and cultural practices from the South-East to the South-West of the country. The study noted the existence of differences between farmers and scientists about which tree species to associate with cocoa trees. It also highlights the lack of sufficient and scientific evidence that can guide the choice of a cocoa agroforestry system, which is both profitable for producers and ecologically sustainable. Future investigations should be oriented towards the search for compromises on the choice of species to associate with cocoa trees; this will require the confirmation or scientific refutation of empirical perceptions resulting from traditional practices. It will also be necessary to enlighten the producer, the political decision-maker and the management structures of peasants, on the need for complementarity between cocoa production and the economic value of the ecosystem services produced in cocoa farms.